OnDecember30,2020,theleadersofChinaandtheEUjointlyannouncedthecompletionoftheEU-ChinaComprehensiveAgreementonInvestment,whichisaframeworkagreementdesignedtoreplacetheexistingbilateralinvestmenttreatiesbetweenChinaandEUmemberstatesandbuildunityChina-EUbilateralinvestmentsystem.

　　Thisnegotiationhasgonethrough35roundsofnegotiationsandlastedformorethan7years.Thenegotiationwasoncestalledandacceleratedinthepastoneandahalfyears.Thenegotiationwasfinallycompletedattheendof2020,whichisalsoaftertheRegionalComprehensiveEconomicPartnershipAgreement(RCEP).,Chinahascompletedanothermajoropening-upmeasure,whichisanothersignificantvictoryofmultilateralisminthecourseofyearsofanti-globalization.

　　So,willthecompletionofthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"negotiationshaveanimpactonthestainlesssteelindustry?

　　1.IftheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementisreached,willtheEUstillhavetariffbarrierstoChina?

　　Inrecentyears,duetotheEU'scontinuedanti-dumpingofstainlesssteelexportsfrommainlandChina,theEUcurrentlyimposesataxrateofmorethan20%onstainlesssteelfrommainlandChina.Then,iftheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementisreached,willtheEUstillhavetariffbarriersagainstChina?

　　ThefirstthingtobeclearisthattheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementdoesnotinvolvetariffissues.Secondly,itisassumedthatthe"China-EuropeInvestmentAgreement"hascertainbenefitsforstainlesssteelexports,mainlyrelatedtostainlesssteelproducts,suchashouseholdappliances.However,afterthepreliminarynegotiationsarecompleted,theagreementneedstobefurthertransformedintolegalprovisions,whichcanonlycomeintoforceafterapprovalbytheEuropeanParliament.Theprocessisexpectedtostartinthesecondhalfof2021.

　　2.FromtheperspectiveofEuropeanopenareas,whatimpactdoesthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"haveonChinesestainlesssteelcompaniesgoingglobal?

　　Accordingtorelevantinformation,theChina-EUInvestmentAgreementwilllockintheexistingChineseinvestmentmarketaccessrightsinEurope,whileensuringtheopeningofsensitiveareassuchasenergy,agriculture,fishery,audio-visual,andpublicservicesinEurope.Inaddition,accordingtothe"GeneralAgreementonTradeinServices"(GATS),theEUwillopenuptheserviceindustrytoalargeextent.

　　FromChina'sstandpoint,theEuropeanopenfieldprovidesChineseinvestorswithgreateropportunitiestoentertheEUenergywholesaleandretailmarket,renewableenergymarketandotherfields,andpromotethedevelopmentofChina'snewenergy,automobileandotherrelatedindustries.ForChineseinvestors,theagreementalsomeansthattherearemorepotentialinvestmentopportunitiesintheEU,includingChina'scompetitiveconstructionindustry,telecommunicationsindustry,etc.,whichmaystimulatedomesticdemandforstainlesssteel.

　　However,fromtheperspectiveofstainlesssteelcompanies,thepossibilityofdomesticstainlesssteelplantsgoingoutandestablishingplantsintheEUisslim.DuetotherelativelylargeaccumulationofscrapsteelinEurope,Chinesestainlesssteelmillsmayenjoysomeadvantagesinthecostofstainlesssteelsmeltingwhentheygooutandinvestinconstruction.However,allstainlesssteelmillsinEuropecurrentlyuseelectricfurnacesforproduction.IfyougotoEuropetobuildaplant,theoverallcostistoohigh.Secondly,fromademandperspective,Europeanstainlesssteelproductionhasbeendecliningyearbyyear.Inaddition,duetotheimpactofthenewcrownepidemic,theEuropeaneconomyhasfallenintoadownturn,andthedemandsidehasremainedweak.Therefore,thepossibilityofdomesticstainlesssteelplantsgoingtoEuropetobuildfactoriesgenerallydoesnotexist.

　　3.FromtheperspectiveofChina'sopenfields,whatimpactdoesthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"haveondomesticstainlesssteelcompanies?

　　Duringthenegotiations,theareasthatChinapromisedtofurtheropenincludemanufacturing,automobiles,financialservices,healthcare,communications/cloudservices,computerservices,internationalshipping,airtransportation,businessservices,environmentalservices,etc.Atpresent,abouthalfofEU'sdirectinvestmentinChinaisconcentratedinthemanufacturingsector,suchastransportationandtelecommunicationsequipment,chemicals,healthequipment,andsoon.Intheautomotivesector,Chinaagreedtograduallycanceltherequirementsforjointventuresandpromisedmarketaccessfornewenergyvehicles.Inaddition,Chinaagreedtoabolishjointventurerequirementsforcertainindustriesinthefinancialservicesandhealthcaresectors.

　　FromthestandpointoftheEuropeanUnion,theEuropeanUnionhasnewopportunitiesinChina’sautomotive,consumerproducts,biomedicine,financialservices,andmedicalandhealthsectors,butmorelikelyitistheoutputinthetechnicalfield,whichhasabasicimpactontheproductionofthestainlesssteelindustry.No.

　　Insummary,ingeneral,the"China-EuropeInvestmentAgreement"doesnothaveanypositiveimpactonstainlesssteelandstainlesssteelcompaniesthemselves,butitmaybepositivefortheexportofstainlesssteelproducts.

　　中歐(ou)投資協定(ding)，對不鏽鋼(gang)行業影響(xiang)幾何

　　2025年11月(yue)28日，中歐領(ling)導人共同(tong)宣布完成(cheng)中歐全面(mian)投資🈲協議(yi)(EU-ChinaComprehensiveAgreementonInvestment），這是一個(ge)框架協議(yi)，旨在取代(dai)中國和歐(ou)盟成員國(guo)現有的雙(shuang)邊投🈲資條(tiao)約，構建統(tong)一的中歐(ou)雙邊投資(zi)制度。

　　這一(yi)談判經曆(li)了35輪磋商(shang)，前後持續(xu)超過7年，談(tan)判曾一🧑🏾‍🤝‍🧑🏼度(du)停滞♋，近🧑🏾‍🤝‍🧑🏼一(yi)年半内有(you)所加快，終(zhong)于在2020年年(nian)底完成談(tan)判，這也是(shi)繼區🔞域全(quan)面經濟夥(huo)伴關系協(xie)定（RCEP）之後，中(zhong)國完成的(de)另一個重(zhong)大對外開(kai)放舉措，也(ye)是在多年(nian)的逆全球(qiu)化進程中(zhong)，多邊主義(yi)取得的又(you)一次意義(yi)重大的勝(sheng)利。

　　那麼，“中(zhong)歐投資協(xie)定”談判的(de)完成，對不(bu)鏽鋼行業(ye)會有影響(xiang)嗎？

　　一、如果(guo)“中歐投資(zi)協定”達成(cheng)，歐盟對中(zhong)國還會有(you)關稅壁壘(lei)麼？

　　近年來(lai)，由于歐盟(meng)對中國大(da)陸的不鏽(xiu)鋼出口持(chi)續的✂️反傾(qing)銷🔴，目前歐(ou)盟對中國(guo)大陸不鏽(xiu)鋼的征收(shou)稅率高達(da)20%以上，那💚麼(me)，如果“中歐(ou)投資協定(ding)”達成，歐盟(meng)對中國還(hai)會有關稅(shui)壁壘💘麼？

　　首(shou)先需要明(ming)确的是，“中(zhong)歐投資協(xie)定”并不涉(she)及關稅問(wen)題。其次，假(jia)✍️設“中歐投(tou)資協定”對(dui)不鏽鋼出(chu)口有一🙇‍♀️定(ding)利好，主要(yao)系不鏽鋼(gang)的相關制(zhi)成品，比如(ru)家電等等(deng)。但初🏃🏻步談(tan)判完成，協(xie)議需進一(yi)步轉化成(cheng)法律條文(wen)，并經過歐(ou)洲議會批(pi)準後才♻️可(ke)生效。該過(guo)程預計将(jiang)在2021年下半(ban)年才可開(kai)始。

　　二、從歐(ou)洲開放領(ling)域來看，“中(zhong)歐投資協(xie)定”對中國(guo)不鏽鋼💁企(qi)🥵業走出去(qu)有何影響(xiang)？

　　從相關資(zi)料顯示來(lai)看，中歐投(tou)資協定将(jiang)鎖定現有(you)的中國對(dui)歐投資市(shi)場準入權(quan)，同時确保(bao)開放歐洲(zhou)能源、農業(ye)、漁業、視聽(ting)、公共服務(wu)等敏感領(ling)域。此外，根(gen)據《服務貿(mao)易總協定(ding)》（GATS），歐盟将在(zai)很大程度(du)上開放服(fu)務行業。

　　站(zhan)在中國立(li)場，歐洲開(kai)放領域，為(wei)中國投資(zi)者提供了(le)更大的進(jin)入歐盟能(neng)源批發零(ling)售市場、可(ke)再生能源(yuan)市場等領(ling)域的機會(hui)，帶✏️動中國(guo)新能源、汽(qi)車等相關(guan)産業的出(chu)口貿易發(fa)展。對于中(zhong)國投資者(zhe)，該協議達(da)成還意味(wei)着在歐盟(meng)有更多👅潛(qian)在的投資(zi)機會，包括(kuo)中國有競(jing)争優勢的(de)建🔞築産業(ye)、電信産業(ye)等等，屆時(shi)或許會拉(la)動🙇🏻國内不(bu)鏽鋼需求(qiu)。

　　但是從不(bu)鏽鋼企業(ye)角度而言(yan)，國内不鏽(xiu)鋼廠走出(chu)去在🈲歐盟(meng)📧建廠的可(ke)能性微乎(hu)其微。由于(yu)歐洲的廢(fei)💔鋼積累量(liang)比較大，中(zhong)國不鏽鋼(gang)鋼廠走出(chu)去投資建(jian)設，在不鏽(xiu)鋼冶煉成(cheng)本💞上可能(neng)🥵會享有一(yi)些優勢。但(dan)是目前歐(ou)㊙️洲的不鏽(xiu)鋼鋼廠全(quan)🌐部使用電(dian)🤞爐生産，若(ruo)去歐洲建(jian)廠，整體成(cheng)本過于高(gao)昂。其次，從(cong)需求角度(du)來講，歐洲(zhou)本🏃🏻土不鏽(xiu)鋼生産逐(zhu)年下降，加(jia)之由于新(xin)冠疫情的(de)♊影響，歐洲(zhou)經濟陷入(ru)低迷，需求(qiu)端維持弱(ruo)勢。因此，國(guo)内不鏽鋼(gang)廠去歐洲(zhou)建設工📱廠(chang)的可能性(xing)，總體而言(yan)不存在。

　　三(san)、從中國開(kai)放領域來(lai)看，“中歐投(tou)資協定”對(dui)國内的不(bu)鏽鋼企業(ye)有何影響(xiang)？

　　在談判中(zhong)，中國答應(ying)進一步開(kai)放的領域(yu)包括制造(zao)業、汽車、金(jin)融服務業(ye)、醫療健康(kang)、通訊/雲服(fu)務、計算機(ji)服務、國際(ji)海運、航空(kong)運輸、商業(ye)服務、環境(jing)服務等。目(mu)前，大約一(yi)半的歐盟(meng)對華直接(jie)投資集中(zhong)在制造業(ye)領域，如運(yun)輸和電信(xin)設備、化學(xue)品、健康設(she)備等等。而(er)汽車領域(yu)方面，中國(guo)同意逐步(bu)取消合資(zi)企業要求(qiu)，承諾新能(neng)源汽車的(de)市場準入(ru)。此外，中國(guo)同意取消(xiao)金融服務(wu)業及醫療(liao)健康領域(yu)中部分行(hang)業的合資(zi)要求。

　　站在(zai)歐盟的立(li)場，歐盟在(zai)中國的汽(qi)車、消費品(pin)、生物醫藥(yao)、金融服務(wu)和醫療衛(wei)生等衆多(duo)領域出現(xian)了新的機(ji)遇，但更多(duo)的可能是(shi)技術領域(yu)内的輸出(chu)，對不鏽鋼(gang)行業生産(chan)的影響基(ji)本沒有。

　　綜(zong)上所述，總(zong)體而言，“中(zhong)歐投資協(xie)定”對不鏽(xiu)鋼及不鏽(xiu)鋼企業本(ben)身并沒有(you)什麼利好(hao)的影響，但(dan)對不鏽鋼(gang)制成品的(de)出口可能(neng)會是利好(hao)。