OnDecember30,2020,theleadersofChinaandtheEUjointlyannouncedthecompletionoftheEU-ChinaComprehensiveAgreementonInvestment,whichisaframeworkagreementdesignedtoreplacetheexistingbilateralinvestmenttreatiesbetweenChinaandEUmemberstatesandbuildunityChina-EUbilateralinvestmentsystem.

　　Thisnegotiationhasgonethrough35roundsofnegotiationsandlastedformorethan7years.Thenegotiationwasoncestalledandacceleratedinthepastoneandahalfyears.Thenegotiationwasfinallycompletedattheendof2020,whichisalsoaftertheRegionalComprehensiveEconomicPartnershipAgreement(RCEP).,Chinahascompletedanothermajoropening-upmeasure,whichisanothersignificantvictoryofmultilateralisminthecourseofyearsofanti-globalization.

　　So,willthecompletionofthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"negotiationshaveanimpactonthestainlesssteelindustry?

　　1.IftheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementisreached,willtheEUstillhavetariffbarrierstoChina?

　　Inrecentyears,duetotheEU'scontinuedanti-dumpingofstainlesssteelexportsfrommainlandChina,theEUcurrentlyimposesataxrateofmorethan20%onstainlesssteelfrommainlandChina.Then,iftheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementisreached,willtheEUstillhavetariffbarriersagainstChina?

　　ThefirstthingtobeclearisthattheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementdoesnotinvolvetariffissues.Secondly,itisassumedthatthe"China-EuropeInvestmentAgreement"hascertainbenefitsforstainlesssteelexports,mainlyrelatedtostainlesssteelproducts,suchashouseholdappliances.However,afterthepreliminarynegotiationsarecompleted,theagreementneedstobefurthertransformedintolegalprovisions,whichcanonlycomeintoforceafterapprovalbytheEuropeanParliament.Theprocessisexpectedtostartinthesecondhalfof2021.

　　2.FromtheperspectiveofEuropeanopenareas,whatimpactdoesthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"haveonChinesestainlesssteelcompaniesgoingglobal?

　　Accordingtorelevantinformation,theChina-EUInvestmentAgreementwilllockintheexistingChineseinvestmentmarketaccessrightsinEurope,whileensuringtheopeningofsensitiveareassuchasenergy,agriculture,fishery,audio-visual,andpublicservicesinEurope.Inaddition,accordingtothe"GeneralAgreementonTradeinServices"(GATS),theEUwillopenuptheserviceindustrytoalargeextent.

　　FromChina'sstandpoint,theEuropeanopenfieldprovidesChineseinvestorswithgreateropportunitiestoentertheEUenergywholesaleandretailmarket,renewableenergymarketandotherfields,andpromotethedevelopmentofChina'snewenergy,automobileandotherrelatedindustries.ForChineseinvestors,theagreementalsomeansthattherearemorepotentialinvestmentopportunitiesintheEU,includingChina'scompetitiveconstructionindustry,telecommunicationsindustry,etc.,whichmaystimulatedomesticdemandforstainlesssteel.

　　However,fromtheperspectiveofstainlesssteelcompanies,thepossibilityofdomesticstainlesssteelplantsgoingoutandestablishingplantsintheEUisslim.DuetotherelativelylargeaccumulationofscrapsteelinEurope,Chinesestainlesssteelmillsmayenjoysomeadvantagesinthecostofstainlesssteelsmeltingwhentheygooutandinvestinconstruction.However,allstainlesssteelmillsinEuropecurrentlyuseelectricfurnacesforproduction.IfyougotoEuropetobuildaplant,theoverallcostistoohigh.Secondly,fromademandperspective,Europeanstainlesssteelproductionhasbeendecliningyearbyyear.Inaddition,duetotheimpactofthenewcrownepidemic,theEuropeaneconomyhasfallenintoadownturn,andthedemandsidehasremainedweak.Therefore,thepossibilityofdomesticstainlesssteelplantsgoingtoEuropetobuildfactoriesgenerallydoesnotexist.

　　3.FromtheperspectiveofChina'sopenfields,whatimpactdoesthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"haveondomesticstainlesssteelcompanies?

　　Duringthenegotiations,theareasthatChinapromisedtofurtheropenincludemanufacturing,automobiles,financialservices,healthcare,communications/cloudservices,computerservices,internationalshipping,airtransportation,businessservices,environmentalservices,etc.Atpresent,abouthalfofEU'sdirectinvestmentinChinaisconcentratedinthemanufacturingsector,suchastransportationandtelecommunicationsequipment,chemicals,healthequipment,andsoon.Intheautomotivesector,Chinaagreedtograduallycanceltherequirementsforjointventuresandpromisedmarketaccessfornewenergyvehicles.Inaddition,Chinaagreedtoabolishjointventurerequirementsforcertainindustriesinthefinancialservicesandhealthcaresectors.

　　FromthestandpointoftheEuropeanUnion,theEuropeanUnionhasnewopportunitiesinChina’sautomotive,consumerproducts,biomedicine,financialservices,andmedicalandhealthsectors,butmorelikelyitistheoutputinthetechnicalfield,whichhasabasicimpactontheproductionofthestainlesssteelindustry.No.

　　Insummary,ingeneral,the"China-EuropeInvestmentAgreement"doesnothaveanypositiveimpactonstainlesssteelandstainlesssteelcompaniesthemselves,butitmaybepositivefortheexportofstainlesssteelproducts.

　　中歐投(tou)資協定(ding)，對不鏽(xiu)鋼行業(ye)影響幾(ji)何

　　2025年11月(yue)28日，中歐(ou)領導人(ren)共同宣(xuan)布完成(cheng)中歐全(quan)面投資(zi)協議(EU-ChinaComprehensiveAgreementonInvestment），這(zhe)是一個(ge)框架協(xie)議，旨在(zai)取代中(zhong)國和歐(ou)盟成員(yuan)國現有(you)的雙邊(bian)投資條(tiao)約，構建(jian)統一的(de)中歐雙(shuang)邊投資(zi)制☎️度。

　　這(zhe)一談判(pan)經曆了(le)35輪磋商(shang)，前後持(chi)續超過(guo)7年，談判(pan)曾一度(du)停💃滞，近(jin)一年半(ban)内有所(suo)加快，終(zhong)于在2020年(nian)年底完(wan)成談判(pan)，這也是(shi)繼區域(yu)全面經(jing)濟夥伴(ban)關系協(xie)定（RCEP）之後(hou)，中國完(wan)成的另(ling)一個😘重(zhong)大對外(wai)開放舉(ju)措，也是(shi)在多年(nian)的逆全(quan)球化進(jin)程中，多(duo)邊主義(yi)取得的(de)又一次(ci)意義重(zhong)大的勝(sheng)利。

　　那麼(me)，“中歐投(tou)資協定(ding)”談判的(de)完成，對(dui)不鏽鋼(gang)行業會(hui)有影響(xiang)嗎？

　　一、如(ru)果“中歐(ou)投資協(xie)定”達成(cheng)，歐盟對(dui)中國還(hai)會有關(guan)稅壁壘(lei)麼？

　　近年(nian)來，由于(yu)歐盟對(dui)中國大(da)陸的不(bu)鏽鋼出(chu)口持續(xu)😘的反傾(qing)🤩銷，目前(qian)歐盟對(dui)中國大(da)陸不鏽(xiu)鋼的征(zheng)收稅率(lü)高達20%以(yi)上，那🧑🏾‍🤝‍🧑🏼麼(me)，如果“中(zhong)歐投資(zi)協定”達(da)成，歐盟(meng)對🥵中國(guo)還會有(you)關稅壁(bi)壘麼？

　　首(shou)先需要(yao)明确的(de)是，“中歐(ou)投資協(xie)定”并不(bu)涉及關(guan)稅問題(ti)。其次，假(jia)💞設“中歐(ou)投資協(xie)定”對不(bu)鏽鋼出(chu)口有一(yi)定利好(hao)，主要系(xi)不鏽鋼(gang)的相關(guan)制成品(pin)，比如家(jia)電等等(deng)。但初步(bu)談判完(wan)成，協💘議(yi)需進一(yi)步轉📱化(hua)成法律(lü)條文，并(bing)經過歐(ou)洲議會(hui)批準後(hou)才🏃‍♀️可生(sheng)效。該過(guo)程預計(ji)🌈将在2021年(nian)下半年(nian)才可開(kai)始。

　　二、從(cong)歐洲開(kai)放領域(yu)來看，“中(zhong)歐投資(zi)協定”對(dui)中國不(bu)鏽鋼🙇🏻企(qi)🌏業走出(chu)去有何(he)影響？

　　從(cong)相關資(zi)料顯示(shi)來看，中(zhong)歐投資(zi)協定将(jiang)鎖定現(xian)有的中(zhong)國對歐(ou)投資市(shi)場準入(ru)權，同時(shi)确保開(kai)放歐洲(zhou)能源、農(nong)業、漁業(ye)、視聽、公(gong)共服務(wu)等敏感(gan)領域。此(ci)外，根據(ju)《服務貿(mao)易總協(xie)定》（GATS），歐盟(meng)将在很(hen)大程度(du)上開放(fang)服務行(hang)業。

　　站在(zai)中國立(li)場，歐洲(zhou)開放領(ling)域，為中(zhong)國投資(zi)者提供(gong)📱了更大(da)的進入(ru)歐盟能(neng)源批發(fa)零售市(shi)場、可再(zai)生能源(yuan)市場等(deng)領域的(de)機🐆會，帶(dai)動中國(guo)新能源(yuan)、汽車等(deng)相關産(chan)業的出(chu)口貿易(yi)發展。對(dui)于🔱中國(guo)投資者(zhe)，該協議(yi)達成還(hai)意味着(zhe)在歐🐪盟(meng)有更多(duo)潛在的(de)投資機(ji)會，包括(kuo)中國有(you)競争優(you)勢的建(jian)築産業(ye)、電信☁️産(chan)業等等(deng)，屆時或(huo)許會拉(la)♍動國内(nei)不鏽鋼(gang)需求。

　　但(dan)是從不(bu)鏽鋼企(qi)業角度(du)而言，國(guo)内不鏽(xiu)鋼廠走(zou)出去在(zai)歐❓盟建(jian)廠的可(ke)能性微(wei)乎其微(wei)。由于歐(ou)洲的廢(fei)鋼積累(lei)量比較(jiao)大，中❄️國(guo)不⛹🏻‍♀️鏽鋼(gang)鋼廠走(zou)出去投(tou)資建🍉設(she)，在不鏽(xiu)鋼冶🌈煉(lian)成本上(shang)可能會(hui)享有一(yi)些優勢(shi)。但是目(mu)前歐洲(zhou)的不鏽(xiu)🌈鋼鋼廠(chang)全部使(shi)用電爐(lu)生産，若(ruo)去歐洲(zhou)建廠，整(zheng)體成本(ben)過于高(gao)昂。其次(ci)，從需求(qiu)角度來(lai)講，歐洲(zhou)本土不(bu)鏽鋼生(sheng)産逐年(nian)下降，加(jia)之由于(yu)新冠疫(yi)情的影(ying)響，歐🧑🏾‍🤝‍🧑🏼洲(zhou)經濟💃🏻陷(xian)入低迷(mi)，需求端(duan)維持弱(ruo)⛹🏻‍♀️勢。因此(ci)，國内不(bu)鏽鋼🧑🏽‍🤝‍🧑🏻廠(chang)去歐洲(zhou)建設工(gong)廠👉的可(ke)能性，總(zong)體而言(yan)不存在(zai)。

　　三、從中(zhong)國開放(fang)領域來(lai)看，“中歐(ou)投資協(xie)定”對國(guo)内的不(bu)鏽鋼企(qi)業有何(he)影響？

　　在(zai)談判中(zhong)，中國答(da)應進一(yi)步開放(fang)的領域(yu)包括制(zhi)造業、汽(qi)車、金融(rong)服務業(ye)、醫療健(jian)康、通訊(xun)/雲服務(wu)、計算機(ji)服務、國(guo)際海運(yun)、航空運(yun)輸、商業(ye)服務、環(huan)境服務(wu)等。目前(qian)，大約一(yi)半的歐(ou)盟對華(hua)直接投(tou)資集中(zhong)在制造(zao)業領域(yu)，如運輸(shu)和電信(xin)設備、化(hua)學品、健(jian)康設備(bei)等等。而(er)汽車領(ling)域方面(mian)，中國同(tong)意逐步(bu)取消合(he)資企業(ye)要求，承(cheng)諾新能(neng)源汽車(che)的市場(chang)準入。此(ci)外，中國(guo)同意取(qu)消金融(rong)服務業(ye)及醫療(liao)健康領(ling)域中部(bu)分行業(ye)的合資(zi)要求。

　　站(zhan)在歐盟(meng)的立場(chang)，歐盟在(zai)中國的(de)汽車、消(xiao)費品、生(sheng)物醫藥(yao)、金融服(fu)務和醫(yi)療衛生(sheng)等衆多(duo)領域出(chu)現了新(xin)的機遇(yu)，但更多(duo)的可能(neng)是技術(shu)領域内(nei)的輸出(chu)，對不鏽(xiu)鋼行業(ye)生産的(de)影響基(ji)本沒有(you)。

　　綜上所(suo)述，總體(ti)而言，“中(zhong)歐投資(zi)協定”對(dui)不鏽鋼(gang)及不鏽(xiu)💃鋼企業(ye)本身并(bing)沒有什(shi)麼利好(hao)的影響(xiang)，但對不(bu)鏽♊鋼制(zhi)成品的(de)出口可(ke)能會是(shi)利好。